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    Nginx的安裝與負(fù)載均衡配置

    一、安裝

    1、下載(此處不再贅述,忽略)

    2、解壓到指定目錄

    [root@localhost home]# tar zxvf nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz -C /myapp/

    [root@localhost home]# cd /myapp/nginx-1.11.2/

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# ls

    auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src

    3、使用yum安裝依賴庫 【gcc 、pcre、openssl、zilib】

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# yum -y install gcc

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# yum -y install pcre

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# yum -y install openssl

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# yum -y install zlib

    4、編譯并安裝

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# make

    [root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# make install

    5、說明:

    參數(shù) –with-http_stub_status_modul是為了啟用nginx的 NginxStatus 功能,用來監(jiān)控 Nginx 的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)

    –prefix=/usr/local/nginx 指定安裝目錄更詳細(xì)的參數(shù)參考./configure –help

    安裝成功后 /usr/local/nginx 目錄下有四個(gè)子目錄分別是:conf、html、logs、sbin 。

    二、配置Nginx

    1、配置

    #user nobody;

    user root root; #工作進(jìn)程的屬主

    worker_processes 1; #工作進(jìn)程數(shù),一般與 CPU核數(shù)等同

    #error_log logs/error.log;

    #error_log logs/error.log notice;

    #error_log logs/error.log info;

    #pid logs/nginx.pid;

    events {

    ############################################################################

    # 使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)I/O模型,Linux系統(tǒng)推薦采用epoll模型,F(xiàn)reeeBSD系統(tǒng)推薦采用kqueue模型use epoll;

    ############################################################################

    worker_connections 1024; #每個(gè)工作進(jìn)程允許最大的同時(shí)連接數(shù)

    }

    http {

    include mime.types;

    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ############################################################################

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

    client_header_buffer_size 32k;

    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

    # 設(shè)置客戶端能夠上傳的文件大小,注意要與應(yīng)用程序中的文件大小限制兼容。

    client_max_body_size 10m;

    # sendfile on;

    tcp_nopush on;

    # keepalive_timeout 60;

    tcp_nodelay on;

    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    proxy_connect_timeout 5;

    proxy_read_timeout 60;

    proxy_send_timeout 5;

    proxy_buffer_size 16k;

    proxy_buffers 4 64k;

    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;

    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    # 以下放開注釋 自定義日志記錄格式設(shè)置,main為名字,在access_log命令中引用

    log_format main '$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #指定日志存放路徑,如果想使用默認(rèn)的combined格式記錄日志,可以使用access_log logs/access.log combined; 以下是使用log_format自定義的格式記錄日志的。

    access_log logs/access.log main;

    sendfile on;

    #tcp_nopush on;

    #keepalive_timeout 0;

    keepalive_timeout 65;

    ############################################################################

    # 開啟gzip壓縮設(shè)置(只能在http模塊中設(shè)置)

    gzip on; #放開注釋

    gzip_min_length 1k;

    gzip_buffers 4 16k;

    gzip_http_version 1.1;

    gzip_comp_level 2;

    gzip_types application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

    gzip_vary on;

    #upstream設(shè)置,設(shè)置代理服務(wù)器(負(fù)載均衡池),默認(rèn)的負(fù)載均衡方式是輪詢,另外一種是ip_hash

    upstream tomcat_server{

    ip_hash; #每個(gè)請(qǐng)求按訪問ip的hash結(jié)果分配,這樣每個(gè)訪客固定訪問一個(gè)后端服務(wù)器,可以解決session的問題。

    server 10.10.10.145:8081 weight=10;

    server 10.10.10.146:8082 weight=10;

    }

    #處理上傳和下載的圖片文件服務(wù)器,設(shè)置代理服務(wù)器(負(fù)載均衡池),默認(rèn)的負(fù)載均衡方式是輪訓(xùn),另外一種是ip_hash

    upstream image_server{

    server 10.10.10.148:8083 weight=10;

    }

    ############################################################################

    server {

    listen 8090; #nginx偵聽端口 根據(jù)自己需要修改 我的8080端口已經(jīng)被占用,所以修改為8090

    server_name localhost;

    ############################################################################

    charset utf-8;

    index index.html index.htm index.jsp index.do;

    ############################################################################

    #charset koi8-r;

    ############################################################################

    #rewrite settings

    if (-d $request_filename)

    {

    rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

    }

    ############################################################################

    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;

    location / {

    #root html;

    index index.html index.htm index.jsp index.do;

    }

    ############################################################################

    # iamge 服務(wù)器location

    location ~*/admin/images/{

    # alias /web/www/html/img/;

    proxy_pass http://image_server;

    proxy_set_header Host $host:8083;

    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    }

    location ~*/admin/

    {

    # 如果后端服務(wù)器返回502,504,執(zhí)行超時(shí)等錯(cuò)誤,自動(dòng)將請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到upstream負(fù)載均衡池中的另一臺(tái)服務(wù)器,實(shí)現(xiàn)failover。

    proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;

    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;

    proxy_redirect off;

    # 變量$host等于客戶端請(qǐng)求頭中的Host值

    #proxy_set_header Host $host:8081;

    proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;

    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

    proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;

    #后端的web服務(wù)器可以通過X-Forwarded-For獲取真實(shí)的IP地址,$remote_addr客戶端的ip地址

    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    client_max_body_size 10m;

    client_body_buffer_size 128k;

    proxy_connect_timeout 90;

    proxy_send_timeout 90;

    proxy_read_timeout 90;

    proxy_buffer_size 4k;

    proxy_buffers 4 32k;

    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

    }

    #image expires settings

    # expires 屬于http Header模塊,主要用來Nginx返回給用戶網(wǎng)頁添加附件的header信息,可以在http,server,location中使用

    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

    {

    expires 30d;

    }

    #css&js expires settings

    # expires 屬于http Header模塊,主要用來Nginx返回給用戶網(wǎng)頁添加附件的header信息,可以在http,server,location中使用

    location ~ .*.(js|css|html)$

    {

    expires 2h;

    }

    # 放開注釋

    error_page 404 /404.html;

    ############################################################################

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    #

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

    root html;

    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

    #

    #location ~ .php$ {

    # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

    #

    #location ~ .php$ {

    # root html;

    # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

    # fastcgi_index index.php;

    # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

    # include fastcgi_params;

    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

    # concurs with nginx's one

    #

    #location ~ /.ht {

    # deny all;

    #}

    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

    #

    #server {

    # listen 8000;

    # listen somename:8080;

    # server_name somename alias another.alias;

    # location / {

    # root html;

    # index index.html index.htm;

    # }

    #}

    # HTTPS server

    #

    #server {

    # listen 443 ssl;

    # server_name localhost;

    # ssl_certificate cert.pem;

    # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

    # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;

    # ssl_session_timeout 5m;

    # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

    # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    # location / {

    # root html;

    # index index.html index.htm;

    # }

    #}

    }

    2、測試

    測試配置文件是否正確

    [root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

    如果顯示以下信息,說明配置正確可以啟動(dòng)Nginx服務(wù)

    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

    3、啟動(dòng)、重啟、停止、重新加載配置文件命令

    啟 動(dòng)nginx: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

    重 啟Nginx: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

    停 止Nginx:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

    重新加載配置文件:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

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