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    Linux安裝MySQL的兩種方法

    Linux安裝MySQL的兩種方法1. 運(yùn)行平臺(tái):CentOS 6.3 x86_64,基本等同于RHEL 6.3

    2. 安裝方法:

    安裝MySQL主要有兩種方法:一種是通過源碼自行編譯安裝,這種適合高級(jí)用戶定制MySQL的特性,這里不做說明;另一種是通過編譯過的二進(jìn)制文件進(jìn)行安裝。二進(jìn)制文件安裝的方法又分為兩種:一種是不針對(duì)特定平臺(tái)的通用安裝方法,使用的二進(jìn)制文件是后綴為.tar.gz的壓縮文件;第二種是使用RPM或其他包進(jìn)行安裝,這種安裝進(jìn)程會(huì)自動(dòng)完成系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)配置,所以比較方便。

    3. 下載安裝包:

    a. 官方下載地址:

    http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads

    或鏡像文件下載:

    http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html

    2. 下載文件(根據(jù)操作系統(tǒng)選擇相應(yīng)的發(fā)布版本):

    a. 通用安裝方法

    mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

    b. RPM安裝方法:

    MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

    4. 通用安裝步驟

    a. 檢查是否已安裝,grep的-i選項(xiàng)表示匹配時(shí)忽略大小寫

    [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 *可見已經(jīng)安裝了庫文件,應(yīng)該先卸載,不然會(huì)出現(xiàn)覆蓋錯(cuò)誤。注意卸:載時(shí)使用了--nodeps選項(xiàng),忽略了依賴關(guān)系: [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

    b. 添加mysql組和mysql用戶,用于設(shè)置mysql安裝目錄文件所有者和所屬組。

    [root@localhost JavaEE]#groupadd mysql [root@localhost JavaEE]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql *useradd -r參數(shù)表示mysql用戶是系統(tǒng)用戶,不可用于登錄系統(tǒng)。

    c. 將二進(jìn)制文件解壓到指定的安裝目錄,我們這里指定為/usr/local

    [root@localhost ~]# cd/usr/local/ [root@localhost local]#tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz *加壓后在/usr/local/生成了解壓后的文件夾mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64,這名字太長,我們?yōu)樗⒁粋€(gè)符號(hào)鏈接mysql,方便輸入。 [root@localhost local]#ln -s mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql

    d. /usr/local/mysql/下的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

    Directory

    Contents of Directory

    bin

    Client programs and the mysqld server

    data

    Log files, databases

    docs

    Manual in Info format

    man

    Unix manual pages

    include

    Include (header) files

    lib

    Libraries

    scripts

    mysql_install_db

    share

    Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation

    sql-bench

    Benchmarks

    e. 進(jìn)入mysql文件夾,也就是mysql所在的目錄,并更改所屬的組和用戶。

    [root@localhost local]#cd mysql [root@localhost mysql]#chown -R mysql . [root@localhost mysql]#chgrp -R mysql .

    f. 執(zhí)行mysql_install_db腳本,對(duì)mysql中的data目錄進(jìn)行初始化并創(chuàng)建一些系統(tǒng)表格。注意mysql服務(wù)進(jìn)程mysqld運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)訪問data目錄,所以必須由啟動(dòng)mysqld進(jìn)程的用戶(就是我們之前設(shè)置的mysql用戶)執(zhí)行這個(gè)腳本,或者用root執(zhí)行,但是加上參數(shù)–user=mysql。

    [root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql *如果mysql的安裝目錄(解壓目錄)不是/usr/local/mysql,那么還必須指定目錄參數(shù),如 [root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql           --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql           --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data*將mysql/目錄下除了data/目錄的所有文件,改回root用戶所有,mysql用戶只需作為mysql/data/目錄下所有文件的所有者。 [root@localhost mysql]chown -R root . [root@localhost mysql]chown -R mysql data

    g. 復(fù)制配置文件

    [root@localhost mysql] cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

    h. 將mysqld服務(wù)加入開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)。

    *首先需要將scripts/mysql.server服務(wù)腳本復(fù)制到/etc/init.d/,并重命名為mysqld。 [root@localhostmysql]  cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/ mysqld *通過chkconfig命令將mysqld服務(wù)加入到自啟動(dòng)服務(wù)項(xiàng)中。 [root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --add  mysqld *注意服務(wù)名稱mysqld就是我們將mysql.server復(fù)制到/etc/init.d/時(shí)重命名的名稱。 *查看是否添加成功 [root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld   0:off 1:off        2:on        3:on        4:on        5:on        6:off i.  重啟系統(tǒng),mysqld就會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)了。 *檢查是否啟動(dòng) [root@localhost mysql]#netstat -anp|grep mysqld tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2365/mysqld         unix  2     [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14396 2365/mysqld        /tmp/mysql.sock *如果不想重新啟動(dòng),那可以直接手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)。 [root@localhost mysql]#service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! j.       運(yùn)行客戶端程序mysql,在mysql/bin目錄中,測(cè)試能否連接到mysqld。 [root@localhost mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection idis 2 Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)   Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may betrademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' forhelp. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye *此時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)mysql>命令提示符,可以輸入sql語句,輸入quit或exit退出。為了避免每次都輸入mysql的全路徑/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql,可將其加入環(huán)境變量中,在/etc/profile最后加入兩行命令: MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin 這樣就可以在shell中直接輸入mysql命令來啟動(dòng)客戶端程序了 [root@localhost mysql]#mysql Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection idis 3 Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other namesmay be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' forhelp. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>

    5. RPM安裝步驟

    a. 檢查是否已安裝,grep的-i選項(xiàng)表示匹配時(shí)忽略大小寫

    [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 可見已經(jīng)安裝了庫文件,應(yīng)該先卸載,不然會(huì)出現(xiàn)覆蓋錯(cuò)誤。注意卸載時(shí)使用了--nodeps選項(xiàng),忽略了依賴關(guān)系: [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

    b. 安裝MySQL的服務(wù)器端軟件,注意切換到root用戶:

    [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 安裝完成后,安裝進(jìn)程會(huì)在Linux中添加一個(gè)mysql組,以及屬于mysql組的用戶mysql。可通過id命令查看: [root@localhost JavaEE]#id mysql uid=496(mysql)gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql) MySQL服務(wù)器安裝之后雖然配置了相關(guān)文件,但并沒有自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)mysqld服務(wù),需自行啟動(dòng): [root@localhost JavaEE]#service mysql start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 可通過檢查端口是否開啟來查看MySQL是否正常啟動(dòng): [root@localhost JavaEE]#netstat -anp|grep 3306 tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      34693/mysqld

    c. 安裝MySQL的客戶端軟件:

    [root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 如果安裝成功應(yīng)該可以運(yùn)行mysql命令,注意必須是mysqld服務(wù)以及開啟: [root@localhost JavaEE]#mysql Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection idis 1 Server version: 5.5.29MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademarkof Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' forhelp. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>

    d. RPM安裝方式文件分布

    Directory

    Contents of Directory

    /usr/bin

    Client programs and scripts

    /usr/sbin

    The mysqld server

    /var/lib/mysql

    Log files, databases

    /usr/share/info

    Manual in Info format

    /usr/share/man

    Unix manual pages

    /usr/include/mysql

    Include (header) files

    /usr/lib/mysql

    Libraries

    /usr/share/mysql

    Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation

    /usr/share/sql-bench

    Benchmarks

    感謝大家的閱讀,希望大家受益良多。

    本文轉(zhuǎn)自:https://blog.csdn.net/SuperChanon/article/details/8546254

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